Title :
Exact BER computation for cross QAM constellations
Author :
Vitthaladevuni, Pavan Kumar ; Alouini, Mohamed-Slim ; Kieffer, John C.
Author_Institution :
Qualcomm Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
Abstract :
When the number of bits per symbol is odd, the peak and average power of transmission can be reduced by using cross quadrature amplitude modulations (QAMs) instead of rectangular QAMs. However, since perfect Gray coding is not possible for cross QAMs, using Smith-style Gray coding, this paper derives the exact bit error rate (BER) for cross QAM constellations over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and Rayleigh fading channels.
Keywords :
AWGN channels; Gray codes; Rayleigh channels; channel coding; error statistics; quadrature amplitude modulation; BER; Rayleigh fading channels; Smith-style Gray coding; additive white Gaussian noise channels; bit error rate; cross QAM constellations; quadrature amplitude modulations; AWGN; Additive white noise; Bit error rate; Communication system control; Control systems; Error analysis; Fading; Intelligent transportation systems; Process control; Quadrature amplitude modulation; Bit error rate; cross quadrature amplitude modulation; gray penalty; outage probability; rectangular quadrature amplitude modulation; square quadrature amplitude modulation;
Journal_Title :
Wireless Communications, IEEE Transactions on
DOI :
10.1109/TWC.2005.857997
