The testing of transformers and transformer iron

1. Introduction. 2. Regulation diagram. 3. Diagram of voltage characteristic. 4. The short-circuit test. 5. Proposed standard transformer test. 6. The 3-point wattmeter method. 7. Standard tests for¿(a) core losses: separation by constant-frequency test ; (b) copper losses; (c) efficiency; (d) heating ; (e) regulation. 8. The auxiliary transformer. 9. Special tests¿(a) by means of extra turns ; (b) at half power factor; (c) out-of-phase test; (d) 3-phase transformers. 10. Hysteresis by slow cyclic change¿(a) method of constant induced voltage ; (b) theory; (c) application to testing of small samples. 11. Conclusion.