Black-hole PSO for antennas optimization

In the past years Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) has gained increasing attention for engineering and real-world applications. Among these, the design of antennas and electromagnetic devices is a well-established field of application. Black-hole PSO (bhPSO) is a novel version of PSO, which is here considered for antennas optimization. It is based on the concept of repulsion among particles when they get stuck in local optima. The design of a planar array is here addressed in order to assess its performances on a benchmark EM optimization problem. Reported results show its effectiveness in dealing with antenna optimization.