A heuristic cross-correlation model of shadow fading in high-speed railway environments

In the design of diversity and fast handover schemes for high-speed railways (HSR), a better understanding of the shadow fading cross-correlation properties is required. In this paper, the cross-correlation models of shadow fading in HSR environments are proposed based on a large set of measurements in China. The measurements are conducted using a practically deployed and operative GSM-Railway (GSM-R) system at 930 MHz. It is found that the cross-correlation of shadow fading between two neighboring base stations (BS) dependents on the BS height and the tilt angle of the antenna, and a heuristic Exponential distribution model of cross-correlation is proposed.