An extended GSCM for mobile radio based positioning in outdoor-to-indoor environment

To develop and validate mobile radio based positioning algorithms under realistic conditions, an accurate description of the propagation channel is of significant importance. However, there is still a lack of outdoor-to-indoor channel models suitable for positioning applications. Two requirements for the channel model to be used for positioning have not been accurately considered yet: the non line-of-sight bias (affecting ranging accuracy) and the evolution of multipath components (MPCs) with time (affecting tracking performance). In this paper an outdoor-to-indoor channel model is proposed based on an extended geometry-based stochastic approach to fulfill the above mentioned requirements. We consider MPCs occurring due to reflection, scattering and combinations of both. Three different types of MPCs are individually defined and modeled according to their characteristics. Each MPC is represented by a virtual scatterer which has a fixed position while the receive antenna is moving.