On the equivalent use of TEM waveguides for EMC measurements and calibrations

This paper gives explanations on the use of transverse electromagnetic (TEM) waveguides in emission and immunity testing as well as in antenna calibration radiation pattern measurements. The methods described in this paper are based on an equivalent antenna model for the TEM waveguides. It is shown, that this equivalence can be used to adopt large parts of the uncertainty budgets of CISPR 16-4-2 or IEC 61000-4-3. Furthermore it is shown, how the validation of the TEM waveguide can be combined with the uncertainty analysis and corrections for immunity measurements as well as emission measurements. An example is given, on how the TEM waveguide can be used for the determination of the radiation patterns of antennas.