Multiple scattering effects with inclusion of cyclical terms in radar scattering of vegetated surfaces using vector radiative transfer theory

For vegetation layer when the scattering albedo and optical thicknesses are significant, the effects of multiple scattering need to be taken into account. In vegetated surfaces, the scattering albedo and the optical thicknesses increase with frequency. In this paper, we study the multiple scattering effects in radar scattering from the vegetation layer overlying soil surface from L band to Ka band.