Title : 
Calculation of vertical gradient of atmospheric refractivity making use of 3D objective analysis technique
         
        
            Author : 
Boumis, M. ; Rezacova, D. ; Sokol, Z.
         
        
            Author_Institution : 
Fondazione Ugo Bordoni, Rome, Italy
         
        
        
        
        
            fDate : 
9/2/1999 12:00:00 AM
         
        
        
        
            Abstract : 
The vertical gradient of the frequency-independent term of atmospheric refractivity (N) is calculated by applying a 3D objective analysis (OA) technique. This analysis technique provides reasonable values of dN/dz up to a few hundred metres above ground. The worst results are found in the presence of strong inversions of temperature and humidity
         
        
            Keywords : 
atmospheric electromagnetic wave propagation; electromagnetic wave refraction; microwave propagation; 3D objective analysis technique; atmospheric refractivity; frequency-independent term; humidity inversions; temperature inversions; vertical gradient;
         
        
        
            Journal_Title : 
Electronics Letters
         
        
        
        
        
            DOI : 
10.1049/el:19991089