Computer Aided Design of a Toroidal Ground Electrode in a Two-Layer Soil

In an effort to provide an effective grounding installation and to limit undesirable effects of leakage currents and electric fields, this paper presents an efficient method to interactively design toroidal ground electrodes for dc substations. Computed values obtained by this method enable us to predict the behavior of electrodes in two-layer soils by evaluating voltages, electric fields, current densities, heat generated by leakage currents, and temperature profiles. Results are shown for an actual case; the current density and the voltage distribution around the direct current ground electrode are also presented. The computer program developed for the design of electrodes is written in standard Fortran and uses International Mathematical and Statistical Library (IMSL) subroutines for increased efficiency.