The issue of harmonic injection from utility integrated photovoltaic systems. I. The harmonic source

The role of the photovoltaic (PV) system as a harmonic noise injector is investigated and the various aspects of PV power converter design that affect harmonic injection are discussed. It is concluded that small, residential-sized units, if greatly proliferated, are the greatest source of concern to utilities, as larger systems are typically designed to the interconnected utility´s specification. Techniques are available to limit the harmonic output of these smaller units without resorting to bulky, expensive filtering