Automatic and supervisory control of hydroelectric generating stations

The paper describes the application of automatic equipment and supervisory control to a number of interesting hydroelectric installations. A brief description is first given of the operation of standard equipment, the function performed by it and the protective measures provided. Then several typical stations involving single units, multiple units, self-synchronizing and automatic synchronizing are described, together with some test results of the current surges occurring during the starting operations. The paper closes with some comments on the high-speed, synchronous relay type of supervisory control and remote metering.