Title :
Calculating the voltages induced in technological systems during a geomagnetic disturbance
Author :
Boteler, David H.
Author_Institution :
Geomagnetic Lab., Geol. Survey of Canada, Ottawa, Ont., Canada
fDate :
11/1/1999 12:00:00 AM
Abstract :
During geomagnetic disturbances voltages are induced in electrically conducting networks such as power systems, pipelines, and phone cables. The voltage produced in a horizontal loop at the Earth´s surface can be calculated by considering the changing vertical magnetic field through the loop or by calculating the electric field around the loop from the horizontal magnetic field variations. The two approaches are equivalent, both being a consequence of Maxwell´s equations, however, this equivalence is difficult to visualize. By considering the nondivergent nature of the magnetic field, it is shown how the vertical magnetic field through a horizontal loop is related to the horizontal magnetic field at the periphery of the loop. The case of a magnetic disturbance due to a line current above the earth´s surface is used to illustrate the equivalence of the two approaches for calculating the voltage induced in a conducting network
Keywords :
Maxwell equations; distribution networks; electric fields; electric potential; electromagnetic induction; geomagnetic variations; magnetic fields; telephone lines; transmission networks; Earth´s surface; Maxwell´s equations; electric field; electrically conducting networks; geomagnetic disturbance; horizontal loop; horizontal magnetic field variations; induced voltages; line current; phone cables; pipelines; power systems; technological systems; vertical magnetic field; Cables; Conductors; Earth; Geomagnetism; Magnetic fields; Magnetic flux; Pipelines; Power systems; Visualization; Voltage;
Journal_Title :
Electromagnetic Compatibility, IEEE Transactions on