Analytical Method for Computation of Phase-Detector Characteristic

Discovery of undesirable hidden oscillations, which cannot be found by simulation, in models of phase-locked loop (PLL) showed the importance of development and application of analytical methods for the analysis of such models. Approaches to a rigorous nonlinear analysis of analog PLL with multiplier phase detector (classical PLL) and linear filter are discussed. An effective analytical method for computation of multiplier/mixer phase-detector characteristics is proposed. For various waveforms of high-frequency signals, new classes of phase-detector characteristics are obtained, and dynamical model of PLL is constructed.