Candlelike Discharge From Water–Ceramic Electrode

The candlelike discharge from a water-ceramic electrode has been presented. A water-ceramic electrode is a nonmetallic arc discharge electrode composed of water and a ceramic component. The discharge is maintained by the complementary functions of the water and the ceramic component, just as the candle flame is maintained by the complementary functions of molten wax and a wick. During a discharge, the ceramic component becomes locally incandescent and melts, and the arc column terminates here. Therefore, the discharge resembles a candle flame.