Effects of cell size, directional antenna, diversity, and shadowing on indoor radio CDMA capacity

This paper presents the effects of cell size, directional antenna, diversity reception, and log-normal shadowing on the reverse-link operated code division multiple access (CDMA) capacity. The capacity improvement by a small-cell approach associated with the directional terminal antenna is also suggested. The simulation results show that the directional terminal antenna suppresses the outside cell cochannel interference caused by the small-cell approach, thereby resulting in significant capacity improvement. It is also found that two-branch antenna diversity reception improves the capacity by 2.0~2.5 times relative to a single antenna, and the log-normal shadowing with a standard deviation of 10 dB decreases the capacity by 10~13% in comparison with that for 2-dB standard deviation