The automatic measurement of TV-port microwave junctions by means of the six-port technique

An automated precision measurement method for determing arbitrary (passive, active, or nonreciprocal) TV-port microwave network parameters is reported in this paper. Incorporating TV separately calibrated six-port reflectometers, which are isolated from each other, the isolated TV-six-port ANA (INSPNA) can be used to measure any TV-port junction via a group of TV measurements at a group of TV calibrated excitations. The calibration procedure of INSPNA is very simple because of the isolation and the only standard needed is an unknown length of precision transmission line. The isolation needed between each two ports is about 60 to 70 dB plus the gain of the TV-port under test to keep the calibration error within 0.1 percent.