1.5-V Complex Filters Using Current Mirrors

The derivation of complex filter topologies according to leapfrog and topological emulation techniques is presented in this brief, where the employed active elements are low-voltage current mirrors. Thus, the offered benefits are the capability of operating in a modern low-voltage environment, the absence of resistors, and the electronic tuning of the frequency characteristics. A 12th-order complex filter function has been realized by employing the aforementioned techniques, and the performance of the corresponding topologies, fabricated in an Austria Mircro Systems 0.35-μm complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor process, has been experimentally verified.