Dynamic ultrasound imaging of cervical spine intervertebral discs

The health of the cervical spine is commonly evaluated by static X-Ray, CT or MRI images; however, they are unable to reveal its dynamic performance and functionality. Ultrasound is introduced as a non-invasive, real-time quantitative tool to assess the dynamic biomechanics and integrity of C-spine. We developed a dual ultrasound system capable of measuring C-spine kinematics and intervertebral disc deformation stereographically. To demonstrate the feasibility of using ultrasound as a diagnostic tool for evaluating C-spine functionality.the system hardware and software were validated using PMMA bone phantoms at frequencies 1-8 Hz and human cadaveric C-spine to derive the dynamic biomechanical properties of functional spinal units.