DocumentCode :
1313240
Title :
Coupled Line 180 ^{\\circ} Hybrids With Lange Couplers
Author :
Napijalo, Veljko
Author_Institution :
Fac. of Tech. Sci., Univ. of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
Volume :
60
Issue :
12
fYear :
2012
Firstpage :
3674
Lastpage :
3682
Abstract :
This paper presents 180° coupled line hybrids with noninterspersed inputs/outputs, which utilize Lange couplers. It demonstrates that, due to the near-TEM properties of the couplers, the asymmetry in power division found in previous work can be removed. A novel hybrid topology with increased layout flexibility and reduced substrate area is proposed and theoretically analyzed. Test circuits for the novel hybrid were designed to operate at 8 GHz and fabricated using low-temperature co-fired ceramic technology. Imperfections of the fabrication process have affected the coupled conductors of Lange couplers. A suitable simple model to account for the differences from the properties assumed in the design has been found. Samples have been measured with one port terminated in a grounded resistor, and the influence of termination was de-embedded from measured results. The de-embedded results are in good agreement with simulations.
Keywords :
ceramics; conductors (electric); firing (materials); microwave integrated circuits; waveguide couplers; Lange couplers; coupled conductors; coupled line hybrids; frequency 8 GHz; grounded resistor; hybrid topology; layout flexibility; low-temperature co-fired ceramic technology; near-TEM properties; noninterspersed inputs/outputs; power division; reduced substrate area; test circuits; Conductors; Couplers; Couplings; Frequency conversion; Integrated circuit modeling; Layout; Mathematical model; Hybrid couplers; Lange couplers; low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC); multilayer technology; rat race;
fLanguage :
English
Journal_Title :
Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on
Publisher :
ieee
ISSN :
0018-9480
Type :
jour
DOI :
10.1109/TMTT.2012.2217980
Filename :
6327384
Link To Document :
بازگشت