Design of multicode CDMA systems for 3-D stereoscopic video over wireless ATM networks

This paper investigates the application of multicode spread-spectrum code-division multiple-access (SS-CDMA) techniques to three-dimensional (3-D) stereoscopic video transmission over wireless asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks. Three-dimensional visual communications, made through the use of stereoscopic images, are able to achieve total display realism. Such services allow users to share the virtual reality (VR) world without any geographical restrictions. In order to create a 3-D system with two images (left and right) that should be transmitted over a bandlimited mobile channel simultaneously, a cost-effective motion picture experts group (MPEG)-based wavelet multiresolution coding with a joint motion and disparity compensation is developed to reduce a large amount of information contained in the images to meet the low-transmission rate limitation of mobile channels. However, the rapidly variable bit rate (VBR) characteristics of the MPEG-based 3-D videos seems a weakness to the transmission of such videos via a constant bit-rate (CBR) mobile channel. The ATM technique is especially well suited for VBR MPEG-based 3-D video because of its ability to allocate bandwidth on demand to these services. However, since the mobile radio has a limited channel capacity, the overall capacity of the traditional ATM-based SS-CDMA system may not be sufficient to accommodate the MPEG-based 3-D video services requested by the multiple mobile users simultaneously. To tackle this difficulty, a multicode CDMA technique is proposed to provide VBR MPEG-based 3-D video services by varying the number of spreading codes assigned to the 3-D video to meet its dynamic throughput requirement. Powerful forward error correction (FEC) codes are necessary to protect the video data so that it can be successfully transmitted at an acceptable signal power level. Two separate FEC code schemes are applied to the header and payload of an ATM cell containing 3-D video data, respectively. The ATM cell header is protected by a relatively powerful FEC code to ensure correct delivery and low cell loss rate (CLR). On the other hand, the ATM cell payload is encoded for varying degrees of error protection according to the priority of the payload data in 3-D videos. An adaptive FEC code combining scheme is proposed to provide the good protection for payload data with the maximization of its code rate to minimize the extra bandwidth for FEC overhead