Numerical stability of nonorthogonal FDTD methods

In this paper, a sufficient test for the numerical stability of generalized grid finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) schemes is presented. It is shown that the projection operators of such schemes must be symmetric positive definite. Without this property, such schemes can exhibit late-time instabilities. The origin and the characteristics of these late-time instabilities are also uncovered. Based on this study, nonorthogonal grid FDTD schemes (NFDTD) and the generalized Yee (GY) methods are proposed that are numerically stable in the late time for quadrilateral prism elements, allowing these methods to be extended to problems requiring very long-time simulations. The study of numerical stability that is presented is very general and can be applied to most solutions of Maxwell´s equations based on explicit time-domain schemes