Reliability of Special Redundant Systems Considering Exchange Time and Repair Time

The reliability of a 2-out-of-3 parallel redundant system having a limited number of standby spare units is derived when the exchange of the failed unit for a spare unit is not instantaneous. The reliability can be represented in the form of a failure state diagram. When the number of standby spares and the repair rate are both small, the influence of the exchange rate is small. When the number of standby spares and the repair rate are both large, the influence of the exchange rate is large. The number of standby spares and the repair rate influence the probability that system failure occurs after all spare units have failed. The exchange rate strongly influences the probability of system failure during the exchange time.