Title :
A model of the effects of hydrophone and amplifier frequency response on ultrasound exposure measurements
Author :
Harris, Gerald R.
Author_Institution :
Food & Drug Adm., Rockville, MD, USA
Abstract :
To examine how less-than-ideal hydrophones and amplifiers could affect the measurement of pulse parameters, a simulated distorted pressure pulse is analyzed before and after being filtered by hydrophone and amplifier response models. The hydrophone model used is similar to the response of piezopolymer membrane hydrophones. The amplifier model is taken from typical responses of integrated circuit operational amplifier-based designs. The pressure pulse, hydrophone, and amplifier are characterized respectively by the pulse center frequency, f/sub c/, the hydrophone resonance frequency, f/sub h/, and the amplifier low-pass corner frequency, f/sub a/.<>
Keywords :
acoustic intensity measurement; amplifiers; frequency response; hydrophones; ultrasonic measurement; amplifier frequency response; amplifier low-pass corner frequency; amplifier model; hydrophone effects; hydrophone resonance frequency; integrated circuit operational amplifier-based designs; piezopolymer membrane hydrophones; pulse center frequency; pulse parameter measurement; simulated distorted pressure pulse; ultrasound exposure measurements; Analytical models; Distortion measurement; Frequency; Integrated circuit measurements; Integrated circuit modeling; Operational amplifiers; Pressure measurement; Pulse amplifiers; Pulse measurements; Sonar equipment;
Journal_Title :
Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, IEEE Transactions on
