DocumentCode :
1344838
Title :
The gas electron multiplier (GEM)
Author :
Bouclier, R. ; Capeáns, M. ; Dominik, W. ; Hoch, M. ; Labbé, J.C. ; Million, G. ; Ropelewski, L. ; Sauli, F. ; Sharma, A.
Author_Institution :
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
Volume :
44
Issue :
3
fYear :
1997
fDate :
6/1/1997 12:00:00 AM
Firstpage :
646
Lastpage :
650
Abstract :
We describe operating principles and results obtained with a new detector element: the Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM). Consisting of a thin composite sheet with two metal layers separated by a thin insulator, and pierced by a regular matrix of open channels, the GEM electrode, inserted on the path of electrons in a gas detector, allows the transfer of charge with an amplification factor approaching ten. Uniform response and high rate capability are demonstrated. Coupled to another device, multiwire or micro-strip chamber, the GEM electrode permits higher gains or less critical operation; separation of the sensitive (conversion) volume and the detection volume have other advantages: a built-in delay (useful for triggering purposes), and the possibility of applying high fields on the photo-cathode of ring imaging detectors to improve efficiency. Multiple GEM grids in the same gas volume allow large amplification factors to be achieved in a succession of steps, leading to the realization of an effective gas-filled photomultiplier
Keywords :
proportional counters; GEM electrode; amplification factor; built-in delay; effective gas-filled photomultiplier; gas detector; gas electron multiplier; metal layers; micro-strip chamber; multiwire chamber; ring imaging detectors; thin composite sheet; Cathodes; Delay; Electrodes; Electron multipliers; Gas detectors; Gas insulation; Metal-insulator structures; Plastic insulation; Polymers; Wet etching;
fLanguage :
English
Journal_Title :
Nuclear Science, IEEE Transactions on
Publisher :
ieee
ISSN :
0018-9499
Type :
jour
DOI :
10.1109/23.603726
Filename :
603726
Link To Document :
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