Management strategy for unbalanced LV distribution network with electric vehicles, heat pumps and domestic photovoltaic penetration

In the last years several players in the electric energy industry have been promoting the all-electric concept in different contexts, for instance the all-electric ship, the all-electric city and the all-electric house. The end user electricity consumptions are likely to increase with the related risk of stressing the distribution infrastructures and reducing the quality of service. Some devices that can realize a significant shift toward the all-electric concept in the private users domain are reversible heat pumps (HPs) and plugin electric vehicles (PEVs). On the other hand, the severity of the increase in the electric load might be somehow compensated by the penetration of distributed generation (DG) from renewable energy sources (RES) such as domestic photovoltaic (PV). To take the best advantage of the flexibility of the available resources they have to be carefully coordinated. In this paper a two-steps algorithm for the optimal management of unbalanced low voltage (LV) distribution networks with significant penetration of HPs, PEVs and PVs is described and simulations are performed to test the algorithm operation.