Title :
Characterization of frequency stability in precision frequency sources
Author :
Rutman, Jacques ; Walls, F.L.
Author_Institution :
Federation des Ind. Electr. et Electron., Paris, France
fDate :
7/1/1991 12:00:00 AM
Abstract :
The authors present a short review of the progress that has occurred during years 1955-91 in both the theoretical and practical characterization of frequency stability of precision frequency sources. The emphasis is on the evolution of ideas and concepts for the characterization of random noise processes in such standards in the time domain and the Fourier frequency domain, rather than a rigorous mathematical treatment of the problem. Numerous references to the mathematical treatments are made
Keywords :
Fourier analysis; frequency measurement; frequency stability; measurement standards; random noise; time-domain analysis; Allan variance; Fourier frequency domain; frequency stability; precision frequency sources; random noise; time domain; time variance; Clocks; Frequency measurement; Laboratories; Optical beams; Oscillators; Phase noise; Signal processing; Stability; Testing; Working environment noise;
Journal_Title :
Proceedings of the IEEE
