Abstract :
This 24-page brochure explains how batteries can be used together with ultra-low-power semiconductor memories to design storage systems that will not lose their information when line power is turned off. Operation of the memory devices, address, and decoding circuits is explained, and the relevant device characteristics, such as low-voltage data retention, are described. The system discussion covers low-power stand-by operation, power switching, and power loss detection. Primary, nonrechargeable, batteries discussed include silver-oxide and carbon-zinc types. Secondary, rechargeable, batteries covered are the nickel-cadmium and lead-calcium types. Charge and discharge characteristics for each of these types are explained.