High capacity with limited spectrum in cellular systems

The rapid growth of wireless telecommunication establishes the need for capacity evolution methods for the cellular systems of today. The authors discuss some important aspects of creating high-capacity cellular networks that operate with a limited amount of frequency spectrum. Macrocells are initially used to build a network with cost-effective wide-area coverage. By decreasing site-to-site distance and tightening frequency reuse, the capacity of the macro network can be increased substantially. Subsequently, micro- and picocells are added, creating a multilayered cellular network. Methods such as power control, efficient frequency allocation, and traffic control between the layers are employed to exploit the full potential of the network