Title :
FRAMES multiple access for UMTS and IMT-2000
Author :
Nikula, Eero ; Toskala, Antti ; Dahlman, Erik ; Girard, Laurent ; Klein, Anja
Author_Institution :
Nokia Res. Center, Espoo, Finland
fDate :
4/1/1998 12:00:00 AM
Abstract :
This article presents the FRAMES multiple access (FMA) concept designed for third-generation mobile radio systems. The concept consists of two modes, TDMA-based FMA1 and CDMA-based FMA2, which have contributed to the standardization processes of third-generation systems. FMA1 uses the TDMA slot structure where spreading can be applied inside the slot or, alternatively, plain TDMA-type transmission can be used. FMA2 is a single-carrier wideband CDMA solution using a 4.096 Mchips/s basic chip rate. The FMA concept facilitates common upper-layer protocol structure as well as GSM backwards compatibility for evolution from second-generation systems to third-generation mobile radio systems. The defined concept fulfils the UMTS/IMT-2000 requirements in providing the services needed for the next millennium
Keywords :
access protocols; broadband networks; cellular radio; code division multiple access; land mobile radio; spread spectrum communication; standardisation; time division multiple access; CDMA-based FMA2; DS-CDMA; FRAMES multiple access; Future Radio Wideband Multiple Access System; GSM backwards compatibility; IMT-2000; TDMA slot structure; TDMA-based FMA1; TDMA-type transmission; UMTS; second-generation systems; single-carrier wideband CDMA; spreading codes; standardization; third-generation mobile radio systems; upper-layer protocol structure; 3G mobile communication; Access protocols; Bit rate; Frequency; GSM; Media Access Protocol; Mobile communication; Oscillators; Physical layer; Radio control;
Journal_Title :
Personal Communications, IEEE
