A recursive least error squares algorithm for power system relaying and measurement applications

A recursive algorithm suitable for microprocessor-based power system relaying and measurement applications is described. The algorithm is designed using the least error squares (LES) curve fitting technique. The mathematical background for the nonrecursive least error squares algorithm is extended to form a recursive algorithm. A method for including decaying DC and harmonic frequencies in the algorithm is described. Sample studies are presented to demonstrate the performance of the developed algorithm. The recursive LES (RLES) algorithm is shown to be computationally efficient and does not require the time constant of decaying DC and statistical information concerning the signal. It is shown that a 12-RLES algorithm can be used for implementing transformer differential protection