A 3- $\mu\hbox {W}$ CMOS Glucose Sensor for Wireless Contact-Lens Tear Glucose Monitoring

This paper presents a noninvasive wireless sensor platform for continuous health monitoring. The sensor system integrates a loop antenna, wireless sensor interface chip, and glucose sensor on a polymer substrate. The IC consists of power management, readout circuitry, wireless communication interface, LED driver, and energy storage capacitors in a 0.36-mm² CMOS chip with no external components. The sensitivity of our glucose sensor is 0.18 μA·mm^-2·mM^-1. The system is wirelessly powered and achieves a measured glucose range of 0.05-1 mM with a sensitivity of 400 Hz/mM while consuming 3 μW from a regulated 1.2-V supply.