The effect of minor constituents in high dielectric constant titanate capacitors

The potentials and limitations of high dielectric constant capacitors are briefly outlined. Additives used to modify the dielectric properties of BaTiO3 are listed and classified into two groups: 1. the ¿shifters,¿ whose additions primarily cause a shift in the temperature of the Curie peak, and 2. the ¿depressors,¿ whose additions result primarily in a depression of the Curie peak. The effect of BaSnO3 and PbSnO3 additions are used to illustrate the behavior of the shifter group, and the variations in the performance of the other members of this group are discussed. Similarly, the effect of additions of MgSnO3, Bi2(SnO3)3, MgTiO3, and CaTiO3 are shown as typical of the behavior of members of the second group. Generalizations are offered regarding the effect of composition on nonlinearity and aging, and these are illustrated.