A user´s guide to non-volatile, on-chip analogue memory

On-chip, non-volatile analogue memory is essential in hardware implementations of many of the early stages of signal processing, including neural network preprocessors and other adaptive sensor fusion amplifiers. Such storage is also desirable for trimming analogue circuits electronically and for parameter retention on power-down. This paper reviews the current state-of-the-art from a designer´s perspective, highlighting the promises and problems associated with a range of approaches