A saturable-core modulation integrator

In signal transmission systems, employing suppressed-carrier modulated signals, it is often desirable to operate on the modulation in order to stabilize the system or alter its performance. The circuit discussed in this paper, an illustration of techniques employing saturable-core reactors that may be used for operating directly on the modulated carrier,1 is based on the ability of a saturable-core reactor to convert a voltage integral to a magnetic flux and store it until called for. The experimental circuit is an integrator with a direct voltage gain of approximately 100 and a time constant of 4 seconds.