Spectral Reflectance Imaging for a Multiplexed, High-Throughput, Label-Free, and Dynamic Biosensing Platform

There are a number of emerging optical biosensing techniques utilizing interferometric and resonant characteristics of light. We have recently demonstrated an interferometric technique, the spectral reflectance imaging biosensor (SRIB) that uses optical wave interference to detect changes in the optical path length as a result of capture of biological material on the microarray surface without the need for labels and secondary reagents. In this paper, we review the principles and performance of the SRIB technique in the context of label-free biosensors and demonstrate its high-throughput, quantitative and calibrated, versatile, and dynamic (kinetic) capabilities. A unique aspect of the SRIB system is that the measurement technique is independent of surface conformation and allows for utilization of novel polymeric coatings for surface binding, thus providing a versatile and high-density platform. We present experimental results on multiplexed antibody/antigen arrays and DNA hybridization in real time, as well as specific binding of whole virus particles. The simplicity of the overall system, its high sensitivity and compatibility with glass surface chemistries, and a linear dynamic range of nearly four orders of magnitude makes SRIB a promising platform for multiplexed detection of different biological analytes in a complex sample, with potential impact in research and clinical applications.