Long-span repeaterless transmission systems with optical amplifiers using pulse width management

This paper proposes pulse width management in order to extend the repeater spacings of repeaterless transmission systems with optical amplifiers. First, the dependency of receiver sensitivity on duty ratio, receiver response, and fiber dispersion is clarified by numerical analysis. Next, the calculation results of sensitivity as a function of signal format and receiver basedband response are verified experimentally. Moreover, we show that pulse width management which uses return-to-zero (RZ) format with large duty ratio (~0.7) at the transmitter and pulse compression at the receiver increases the repeater gain by ~4.5 dB compared to conventional systems employing nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) format. Record repeater spacing of 300 km is realized at 10 Gb/s by utilizing pulse width management