A study on the radiation hardness of lead tungstate crystals

Author

Zhu, R.Y. ; Deng, Q. ; Newman, H. ; Woody, C.L. ; Kierstead, J.A. ; Stoll, S.P.

Author_Institution

California Inst. of Technol., Pasadena, CA, USA

Volume

45

Issue

3

fYear

1998

fDate

6/1/1998 12:00:00 AM

Firstpage

686

Lastpage

691

Abstract

This report presents recent progress of a study on the radiation damage in lead tungstate (PbWO₄) crystals. The dose rate dependence of radiation damage in PbWO₄ has been observed. An optimization of the oxygen compensation through post-growth thermal annealing has led to PbWO₄ samples with significantly improved radiation hardness. Front irradiation is found to cause a factor of 2 to 6 times less severe damage than uniform irradiation. Lanthanum doping was found not to be a determining factor for PbWO₄ radiation hardness improvement. Finally, a TEM/EDS analysis revealed that the radiation damage in PbWO₄ crystals is caused by oxygen vacancies

Keywords

annealing; gamma-ray effects; lead compounds; solid scintillation detectors; vacancies (crystal); PbWO₄; TEM/EDS analysis; lanthanum doping; lead tungstate crystals; oxygen compensation; oxygen vacancies; post-growth thermal annealing; radiation hardness; Annealing; Collision mitigation; Crystals; Large Hadron Collider; Lead; Silicon carbide; Temperature; Testing; Time measurement; Transmission electron microscopy;

fLanguage

English

Journal_Title

Nuclear Science, IEEE Transactions on

Publisher

ieee

ISSN

0018-9499

Type

jour

DOI

10.1109/23.682613

Filename

682613