Title :
A study on the radiation hardness of lead tungstate crystals
Author :
Zhu, R.Y. ; Deng, Q. ; Newman, H. ; Woody, C.L. ; Kierstead, J.A. ; Stoll, S.P.
Author_Institution :
California Inst. of Technol., Pasadena, CA, USA
fDate :
6/1/1998 12:00:00 AM
Abstract :
This report presents recent progress of a study on the radiation damage in lead tungstate (PbWO4) crystals. The dose rate dependence of radiation damage in PbWO4 has been observed. An optimization of the oxygen compensation through post-growth thermal annealing has led to PbWO4 samples with significantly improved radiation hardness. Front irradiation is found to cause a factor of 2 to 6 times less severe damage than uniform irradiation. Lanthanum doping was found not to be a determining factor for PbWO4 radiation hardness improvement. Finally, a TEM/EDS analysis revealed that the radiation damage in PbWO4 crystals is caused by oxygen vacancies
Keywords :
annealing; gamma-ray effects; lead compounds; solid scintillation detectors; vacancies (crystal); PbWO4; TEM/EDS analysis; lanthanum doping; lead tungstate crystals; oxygen compensation; oxygen vacancies; post-growth thermal annealing; radiation hardness; Annealing; Collision mitigation; Crystals; Large Hadron Collider; Lead; Silicon carbide; Temperature; Testing; Time measurement; Transmission electron microscopy;
Journal_Title :
Nuclear Science, IEEE Transactions on
