A propagation model for urban microcellular systems at the UHF band

This paper presents a new propagation model for urban environments, which takes into account propagation over buildings and inside streets. The formulation for multiple diffraction loss over rooftops results from a combination of the Vogler (1982) and Xia and Bertoni (1992) models, which enables its application to profiles of buildings with nonuniform heights and spacings, keeping the calculation time low. A ray-tracing tool based on the image method and on the uniform theory of diffraction (UTD) has been developed to estimate the attenuation inside streets; loss introduced by vegetation is also accounted for. The results obtained with the application of the model to two areas of Lisbon show the importance of rays conducted by transversal streets and diffracted by vertical edges when predicting the signal near crossroads. Average values of 3.5 dB, -0.07 dB, and 2.6 dB were obtained for the mean absolute and relative errors and for the standard deviation error, respectively