Framework to calculate level-crossing rate and average fade duration in two-dimensional and three-dimensional scattering environments

This study proposes a framework for calculating level-crossing rate and average fade duration in wireless communication systems operating in Rayleigh fading channel environments. The complexity of the calculations involved is greatly reduced compared to the conventional way of calculating these two measures. To demonstrate the strength of the proposed framework, the authors applied it to two-dimensional and three-dimensional isotropic and non-isotropic scattering environments and the results are compared to available results in the literature.