Title :
Broadband calibration of E-field probes in lossy media [mobile telephone safety application]
Author :
Meier, Klaus ; Burkhardt, Michael ; Schmid, Thomas ; Kuster, Niels
Author_Institution :
Swiss Federal Inst. of Technol., Zurich, Switzerland
fDate :
10/1/1996 12:00:00 AM
Abstract :
A broadband calibration procedure for E-field probes that minimizes the overall uncertainties inherent in E-field measurements in lossy dielectric liquids has been developed. The analysis of the calibration requirements shows that probes that are symmetrical with respect to their axis greatly facilitate accurate calibration, since the calibration procedure can be divided into several discrete steps. Such a procedure is presented and analyzed with respect to its uncertainties. Absolute calibration is performed at three frequency bands utilized in Europe for mobile communications (450 MHz, 900 MHz, and 1.8 GHz) and in different tissue-simulating liquids. The parameters obtained are verified by numerical simulations of the probe in the surrounding media. Such simulations allow the assessment of some of the calibration parameters with sufficient accuracy in cases where the experimental determination would be too tedious and time consuming
Keywords :
biological effects of radiation; biological techniques; calibration; dielectric liquids; electric field measurement; health hazards; mobile radio; probes; safety; telephone sets; 1.8 GHz; 450 MHz; 900 MHz; E-field probes; Europe; absolute calibration; broadband calibration; frequency bands; lossy media; mobile communication frequency bands; mobile telephone safety; numerical simulations; overall uncertainties minimization; tissue-simulating liquids; Calibration; Dielectric liquids; Dielectric loss measurement; Dielectric measurements; Europe; Frequency; Loss measurement; Mobile communication; Probes; Uncertainty;
Journal_Title :
Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on
