Title :
The Effects of Surface Gravity Waves on High-Frequency Acoustic Propagation in Shallow Water
Author :
Karjadi, Entin A. ; Badiey, Mohsen ; Kirby, James T. ; Bayindir, Cihan
Author_Institution :
Coll. of Earth, Ocean, & Environ., Univ. of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
Abstract :
A realistic 2-D time-evolving ocean surface model has been combined with an existing acoustic ray-based model to simulate the effects of sea surface roughness on acoustic wave propagation in coastal regions. Rough sea surface realizations are generated and used as sea surface boundaries in the acoustic model. An approach to achieve high resolution and accurate results while maintaining computational efficiency of a ray-based model is applied. The results are then compared against a unique set of experimental data collected in 15-m water depth in Delaware Bay. These data include simultaneous environment and acoustic propagation (1-18 kHz) measurements. Modeled arrival time-angle fluctuations compare well with data and suggest that there are physical processes which need to be included to improve the model, such as bubbles and turbulence as well as 3-D scattering effects.
Keywords :
acoustic wave scattering; shallow water equations; underwater acoustic propagation; 2D time evolving ocean surface model; Delaware Bay; acoustic ray based model; acoustic wave propagation; frequency 1 kHz to 18 kHz; high frequency acoustic propagation; sea surface boundaries; sea surface roughness; shallow water; surface gravity waves; Ocean temperature; Rough surfaces; Sea surface; Surface acoustic waves; Surface roughness; Wind speed; Acoustic propagation; acoustic scattering; sea surface waves; shallow water;
Journal_Title :
Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of
DOI :
10.1109/JOE.2011.2168670
