Title :
Electrothermal branding for embryo labeling
Author :
Wang, Lin ; Beebe, David J. ; Williams, Allen R. ; Easley, Kimberley D.
Author_Institution :
Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Illinois Univ., Urbana, IL, USA
Abstract :
A novel embryo labeling technique based on electrothermal branding is developed. Two types of micro branding irons are fabricated and tested. One utilizes 25 μm tungsten wire as the heating element. The other utilizes surface micromachining techniques to fabricate polysilicon branding irons. The thermal behavior of the branding irons and the heat distributions in the embryos are analytically modeled. Micron-scale labels on unfertilized bovine embryos are achieved.
Keywords :
bioelectric phenomena; biological techniques; biothermics; laboratory techniques; micromachining; tungsten; 25 /spl mu/m tungsten wire; 25 mum; W; electrothermal branding; embryo labeling; heat distribution; heating element; micro branding irons; micron-scale labels; polysilicon branding irons; surface micromachining techniques; unfertilized bovine embryos; Bovine; Electrothermal effects; Embryo; Heating; Iron; Labeling; Micromachining; Testing; Tungsten; Wire; Animal Identification Systems; Animals; Cattle; Electric Conductivity; Electrosurgery; Embryo Transfer; Equipment Design; Fertilization in Vitro; Heat; Specimen Handling;
Journal_Title :
Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on
