Novel Demand Response scheme for frequency regulation using consumers´ distributed energy storages

Widespread renewable energy resources cause short-term supply-demand imbalance. It is desirable to use Demand Response (DR) for solving balancing problem. Controlling consumers´ energy storages (ES) is promising in this regard. However, consumer´s ES based DR for short-term supply-demand imbalance suffers from reliability problems caused by both, unexpected state of charge (SoC) saturation/depletion due to state variation of distributed ESs and the low quality of the Internet, i.e. communication delay and interruption. In this paper, we propose “Hierarchical Hybrid Control (HHC)” as a novel DR scheme, which guarantees accurate and fast response of consumer´s ES based DR continuously for frequency regulation regardless of weak communication links and ESs´ state variations. We demonstrate robustness against SoC saturation/depletion of ESs as well as tolerance for communication delay/interruption by simulation.