DocumentCode
1405096
Title
Capacity of text marking channel
Author
Low, Steven H. ; Maxemchuk, Nicholas F.
Author_Institution
Dept. of Comput. Sci., California Inst. of Technol., Pasadena, CA, USA
Volume
7
Issue
12
fYear
2000
Firstpage
345
Lastpage
347
Abstract
We have proposed earlier watermarking text documents by slightly shifting certain text lines. Such a text line represents a noisy channel, and marking represents the transmission of a signal through this channel. The power of the signal represents the size of the shift and must be small for the marks to be imperceptible. We formulate the channel capacity under a constraint or individual signal power. We show that to achieve the capacity, the shifts should be normally distributed, have maximum power, and adjacent shifts should be negatively correlated.
Keywords
Gaussian channels; channel capacity; copy protection; image coding; noise; normal distribution; security of data; centroid detection; centroid measurements; correlated noise; document profile; image watermarking; negatively correlated adjacent shifts; noisy channel; normally distributed shifts; parallel Gaussian channels; signal power constraints; signal transmission; text documents watermarking; text line; text line centroids; text marking channel capacity; Additive white noise; Channel capacity; Character recognition; Copyright protection; Facsimile; Gaussian noise; Printing; Propagation losses; Robustness; Watermarking;
fLanguage
English
Journal_Title
Signal Processing Letters, IEEE
Publisher
ieee
ISSN
1070-9908
Type
jour
DOI
10.1109/97.883364
Filename
883364
Link To Document