Application and safety issues for transient voltage surge suppressors

This paper is intended as a guide to users and manufacturers of transient voltage surge suppressor devices based on metal-oxide varistor semiconductors. Many current designs and applications can result in safety problems, including short circuits, explosions, and energized panels and grounding conductors. If the recommendations contained in this paper are followed, then electrical system safety and reliability will be enhanced. The subjects of fusing, connections, grounding, and component compatibility are explored as they pertain to surge suppressor design and application.