Reversible Digital Counting to Follow Reversing Signals

Several well-tested gating circuits for physical scale counts for fast reversal of bidirectional counters are described¿all derived from the triple or more basic readout signals required to make such counting possible. Reversal errors are noted, and ways to reduce them. These arrangements are speed-limited. Direct-current-gating voltage producers are described for fast counters, together with problems arising from them. Note is made of inter-decade coupling in such circuits.