RC active ladder networks

A new RC active synthesis method is proposed, the active units used being negative-impedance convertors (n.i.c.s.). Any driving-point immittance, specified as a rational function with real coefficients, may be realised by an RC active ladder structure. These results can also be adapted to the realisation of arbitrary (rational) transfer functions. For specific filter functions, the ladder-network elements are derived directly in terms of the rational-function coefficients. It is shown how, in specific cases, constraints may be imposed on the spread of element values.