Numerical optimization of the single fundamental mode output from a surface modified vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser

Author

Vukusic, Josip A. ; Martinsson, Hans ; Gustavsson, Johan S. ; Larsson, Anders

Author_Institution

Microtechnol. Center, Chalmers Univ. of Technol., Goteborg, Sweden

Volume

37

Issue

1

fYear

2001

fDate

1/1/2001 12:00:00 AM

Firstpage

108

Lastpage

117

Abstract

The effects of etching a shallow surface relief in the top mirror of an oxide confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, for the purpose of selecting the fundamental mode, have been investigated by numerical simulations. A quasi-3-D model has been implemented which self-consistently accounts for optical, electrical, and thermal effects. The design has been optimized for maximum single fundamental mode output and the limiting mechanisms have been studied. The results are also compared with experimental values and the effects of limitations in fabrication precision are investigated

Keywords

etching; laser modes; laser theory; optical fabrication; optimisation; semiconductor device models; semiconductor lasers; surface emitting lasers; thermo-optical effects; VCSEL optical effects; etching; fabrication precision; fundamental mode selection; limiting mechanisms; maximum single fundamental mode output; numerical optimization; oxide confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser; self-consistently; shallow surface relief; single fundamental mode output; surface modified vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser; thermal effects; top mirror; Apertures; Design optimization; Etching; Laser modes; Mirrors; Photonics; Power generation; Shape control; Surface emitting lasers; Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers;

fLanguage

English

Journal_Title

Quantum Electronics, IEEE Journal of

Publisher

ieee

ISSN

0018-9197

Type

jour

DOI

10.1109/3.892732

Filename

892732