Bundle conductors on grid lines in England and Wales

After a brief reference to the introduction in other countries of bundle conductors, particulars are given of their chronological development in England and Wales, where bundle-conductor overhead lines came into use in 1952 and, at the end of 1966, exceeded 3000 route miles, practically all being of double-circuit construction. Considerations which affect the choice and application of bundle conductors are given, and the conductors and fittings adopted are described, with particular reference to the selection of spacers. Some information is provided of service experience, which includes measures taken in connection with solving the problem of oscillation of quadruple-bundle conductors. Factors associated with radio noise from conductors are indicated, and some short-circuit effects are described. Finally, the possibility of future development in the use of bundle conductors is discussed.