Analysis and Design of an Ultralow-Power CMOS Relaxation Oscillator

Author

Denier, Urs

Author_Institution

Austriamicrosystems Switzerland AG, Rapperswil, Austria

Volume

57

Issue

8

fYear

2010

Firstpage

1973

Lastpage

1982

Abstract

This paper presents the design of a low-voltage ultralow-power relaxation oscillator without external components. The application field for this oscillator is the clock generation of low-power wake-up functions for battery-operated systems. A detailed analysis of the oscillator, including the temperature performance, is derived and verified with experimental results. The oscillator operates at a typical frequency of 3.3 kHz and consumes 11 nW from a 1-V supply at room temperature, and a temperature drift of less than 500 ppm/°C is achieved over the temperature range of -20°C to 80°C. An efficient design implementation has resulted in a cell area of 0.1 mm² in a standard 0.35- μm digital CMOS technology.

Keywords

CMOS digital integrated circuits; low-power electronics; oscillators; signal generators; battery-operated systems; clock generation; digital CMOS technology; frequency 3.3 kHz; low-power wake-up functions; low-voltage ultralow-power relaxation oscillator; power 11 nW; size 0.35 mum; temperature -20 degC to 80 degC; temperature 293 K to 298 K; temperature drift; ultralow-power CMOS relaxation oscillator design; voltage 1 V; CMOS integrated circuits; Clock generator; low power; low voltage; relaxation oscillators; weak inversion;

fLanguage

English

Journal_Title

Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, IEEE Transactions on

Publisher

ieee

ISSN

1549-8328

Type

jour

DOI

10.1109/TCSI.2010.2041504

Filename

5418879